Life cycle analysis of GHG emissions from the building retrofitting: The case of a Norwegian office building

Through a systematic study, this paper conducted life cycle assessment (LCA) consisting of evaluation both embodied and operational emissions different building retrofitting scenarios for typical office building, located in Norway. LCA analysis was performed via the OneClick tool. The associated with energy use were evaluated reference optimized models developed IDA-ICE from our previous studies. These included two HVAC systems: an all-air (AA) system equipped demand control ventilation (DCV) hydronic radiator space heating (RSH) constant air volume (CAV) system. findings showed that, through measures, net total could be reduced up to 52%, 1336–637 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq)/m2, which achieved cost (LCC) optimal scenario AA share (B6) CO2-eq around 77% case, whereas it 43–46% scenarios. most emitted stages concerned product stage (19–23%), transport construction site (24–31%), end-of-life service (around 25%). confirmed that more environmentally friendly further re-insulate other parts envelope instead ground floor, as latter accompanied large increase emissions.